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Real self-deception. Commentary. Author's response

Identifieur interne : 00CF58 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00CF57; suivant : 00CF59

Real self-deception. Commentary. Author's response

Auteurs : A. R. Mele [États-Unis] ; G. Ainslie [États-Unis] ; R. Audi [États-Unis] ; K. Bach [États-Unis] ; J. A. Barnden [États-Unis] ; R. F. Baumeister [États-Unis] ; K. P. Leith [États-Unis] ; J. L. Bermudez [Royaume-Uni] ; R. F. Bornstein [États-Unis] ; S. L. Brown [États-Unis] ; D. T. Kenrick [États-Unis] ; T. Dalgleish [Royaume-Uni] ; J.-P. Dupuy [France] ; J. E. Foss [Canada] ; W. J. Freeman [États-Unis] ; J. Friedrich [États-Unis] ; K. J. Gergen [États-Unis] ; K. Gibbins [Australie] ; D. R. Gorassini [Canada] ; M. Heilmann [États-Unis] ; E. A. Johnson [Canada] ; I. Kirsch [États-Unis] ; D. Krebs [Canada] ; J. Ward [Canada] ; T. Racine [Canada] ; A. Lazar [États-Unis] ; J. S. Lockard [États-Unis] ; M. Losonsky [États-Unis] ; M. W. Martin [États-Unis] ; C. Perring ; H. Rachlin ; M. Frankel ; H. A. Sackeim ; R. C. Gur ; C. T. Schmidt ; W. J. Talbott

Source :

RBID : Pascal:97-0435000

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Self-deception is made unnecessarily puzzling by the assumption that it is an intrapersonal analog of ordinary interpersonal deception. In paradigmatic cases, interpersonal deception is intentional and involves some time at which the deceiver disbelieves what the deceived believes. The assumption that self-deception is intentional and that the self-deceiver believes that some proposition is true while also believing that it is false produces interesting conceptual puzzles, but it also produces a fundamentally mistaken view of the dynamics of self-deception. This target article challenges the assumption and presents an alternative view of the nature and etiology of self-deception. Drawing upon empirical studies of cognitive biases, it resolves familiar "paradoxes" about the dynamics of self-deception and the condition of being self-deceived. Conceptually sufficient conditions for self-deception are offered and putative empirical demonstrations of a kind of self-deception in which a subject believes that a proposition is true while also believing that it is false are criticized. Self-deception is neither irresolvably paradoxical nor mysterious, and it is explicable without the assistance of mental exotica. The key to understanding its dynamics is a proper appreciation of our capacity for acquiring and retaining motivationally biased beliefs.


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</author>
<author>
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<s1>Department of Philosophy, San Francisco State University</s1>
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</inist:fA14>
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<inist:fA14 i1="05">
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<name sortKey="Baumeister, R F" sort="Baumeister, R F" uniqKey="Baumeister R" first="R. F." last="Baumeister">R. F. Baumeister</name>
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<s1>Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University</s1>
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<s1>Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University</s1>
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<wicri:noRegion>Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Bornstein, R F" sort="Bornstein, R F" uniqKey="Bornstein R" first="R. F." last="Bornstein">R. F. Bornstein</name>
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<s1>Department of Psychology, Gettysburg College</s1>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Gettysburg, PA 17325</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Brown, S L" sort="Brown, S L" uniqKey="Brown S" first="S. L." last="Brown">S. L. Brown</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>Department of Psychology, Arizona State University</s1>
<s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1104</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
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<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1104</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Kenrick, D T" sort="Kenrick, D T" uniqKey="Kenrick D" first="D. T." last="Kenrick">D. T. Kenrick</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="09">
<s1>Department of Psychology, Arizona State University</s1>
<s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1104</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1104</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dalgleish, T" sort="Dalgleish, T" uniqKey="Dalgleish T" first="T." last="Dalgleish">T. Dalgleish</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="10">
<s1>Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit</s1>
<s2>Cambridge, CB2 2EF</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Dupuy, J P" sort="Dupuy, J P" uniqKey="Dupuy J" first="J.-P." last="Dupuy">J.-P. Dupuy</name>
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<s1>CREA, Ecole Polytechnique</s1>
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<s3>FRA</s3>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<wicri:noRegion>75005 Paris</wicri:noRegion>
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<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Foss, J E" sort="Foss, J E" uniqKey="Foss J" first="J. E." last="Foss">J. E. Foss</name>
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<s1>Department of Philosophy, University of Victoria</s1>
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<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Freeman, W J" sort="Freeman, W J" uniqKey="Freeman W" first="W. J." last="Freeman">W. J. Freeman</name>
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<s1>Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley</s1>
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<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Berkeley, CA 94720-3200</wicri:noRegion>
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<s1>Department of Psychology, Willamette University</s1>
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<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Salem, OR 97301</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Gergen, K J" sort="Gergen, K J" uniqKey="Gergen K" first="K. J." last="Gergen">K. J. Gergen</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="15">
<s1>Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College</s1>
<s2>Swarthmore, PA 19086</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Swarthmore, PA 19086</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Gibbins, K" sort="Gibbins, K" uniqKey="Gibbins K" first="K." last="Gibbins">K. Gibbins</name>
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<inist:fA14 i1="16">
<s1>Department of Psychology, Murdoch University</s1>
<s2>Murdoch, Western Australia, 6155</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Murdoch, Western Australia, 6155</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Gorassini, D R" sort="Gorassini, D R" uniqKey="Gorassini D" first="D. R." last="Gorassini">D. R. Gorassini</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="17">
<s1>Department of Psychology, King's College</s1>
<s2>London, ON, N6A 2M3</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>London, ON, N6A 2M3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heilmann, M" sort="Heilmann, M" uniqKey="Heilmann M" first="M." last="Heilmann">M. Heilmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="18">
<s1>Department of Psychology, University of Califomia at Los Angeles</s1>
<s2>Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, E A" sort="Johnson, E A" uniqKey="Johnson E" first="E. A." last="Johnson">E. A. Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="19">
<s1>Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba</s1>
<s2>Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Winnipeg</settlement>
<region type="state">Manitoba</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université du Manitoba</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kirsch, I" sort="Kirsch, I" uniqKey="Kirsch I" first="I." last="Kirsch">I. Kirsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="20">
<s1>Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut</s1>
<s2>Storrs, CT 06269-1020</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Storrs, CT 06269-1020</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Krebs, D" sort="Krebs, D" uniqKey="Krebs D" first="D." last="Krebs">D. Krebs</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="21">
<s1>Simon Fraser University</s1>
<s2>Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A-1S6</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Simon Fraser University</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ward, J" sort="Ward, J" uniqKey="Ward J" first="J." last="Ward">J. Ward</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="21">
<s1>Simon Fraser University</s1>
<s2>Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A-1S6</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Simon Fraser University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Racine, T" sort="Racine, T" uniqKey="Racine T" first="T." last="Racine">T. Racine</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="21">
<s1>Simon Fraser University</s1>
<s2>Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A-1S6</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Simon Fraser University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lazar, A" sort="Lazar, A" uniqKey="Lazar A" first="A." last="Lazar">A. Lazar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="22">
<s1>Department of Philosophy, Stanford University</s1>
<s2>Stanford, CA 94305-2155</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Stanford, CA 94305-2155</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Lockard, J S" sort="Lockard, J S" uniqKey="Lockard J" first="J. S." last="Lockard">J. S. Lockard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<inist:fA14 i1="23">
<s1>Department of Psychology, University of Washington</s1>
<s2>Seattle, WA 98195</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement>
<region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Losonsky, M" sort="Losonsky, M" uniqKey="Losonsky M" first="M." last="Losonsky">M. Losonsky</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="24">
<s1>Department of Philosophy, Colorado State University</s1>
<s2>Ft. Collins, CO 80523</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Ft. Collins, CO 80523</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, M W" sort="Martin, M W" uniqKey="Martin M" first="M. W." last="Martin">M. W. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<inist:fA14 i1="25">
<s1>Department of Philosophy, Chapman University</s1>
<s2>Orange, CA 92666</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>29 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Orange, CA 92666</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perring, C" sort="Perring, C" uniqKey="Perring C" first="C." last="Perring">C. Perring</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rachlin, H" sort="Rachlin, H" uniqKey="Rachlin H" first="H." last="Rachlin">H. Rachlin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frankel, M" sort="Frankel, M" uniqKey="Frankel M" first="M." last="Frankel">M. Frankel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sackeim, H A" sort="Sackeim, H A" uniqKey="Sackeim H" first="H. A." last="Sackeim">H. A. Sackeim</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gur, R C" sort="Gur, R C" uniqKey="Gur R" first="R. C." last="Gur">R. C. Gur</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, C T" sort="Schmidt, C T" uniqKey="Schmidt C" first="C. T." last="Schmidt">C. T. Schmidt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Talbott, W J" sort="Talbott, W J" uniqKey="Talbott W" first="W. J." last="Talbott">W. J. Talbott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j" type="main">Behavioral and brain sciences</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Behav. brain sci.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0140-525X</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="1997">1997</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<title level="j" type="main">Behavioral and brain sciences</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Behav. brain sci.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0140-525X</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Belief</term>
<term>Cognition</term>
<term>Consciousness</term>
<term>Critical study</term>
<term>Human</term>
<term>Intention</term>
<term>Lying</term>
<term>Motivation</term>
<term>Rational irrational</term>
<term>Self</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Mensonge</term>
<term>Soi</term>
<term>Croyance</term>
<term>Conscience</term>
<term>Intention</term>
<term>Motivation</term>
<term>Rationnel irrationnel</term>
<term>Etude critique</term>
<term>Cognition</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Self-deception is made unnecessarily puzzling by the assumption that it is an intrapersonal analog of ordinary interpersonal deception. In paradigmatic cases, interpersonal deception is intentional and involves some time at which the deceiver disbelieves what the deceived believes. The assumption that self-deception is intentional and that the self-deceiver believes that some proposition is true while also believing that it is false produces interesting conceptual puzzles, but it also produces a fundamentally mistaken view of the dynamics of self-deception. This target article challenges the assumption and presents an alternative view of the nature and etiology of self-deception. Drawing upon empirical studies of cognitive biases, it resolves familiar "paradoxes" about the dynamics of self-deception and the condition of being self-deceived. Conceptually sufficient conditions for self-deception are offered and putative empirical demonstrations of a kind of self-deception in which a subject believes that a proposition is true while also believing that it is false are criticized. Self-deception is neither irresolvably paradoxical nor mysterious, and it is explicable without the assistance of mental exotica. The key to understanding its dynamics is a proper appreciation of our capacity for acquiring and retaining motivationally biased beliefs.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<li>Australie</li>
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<li>France</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Manitoba</li>
<li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Seattle</li>
<li>Winnipeg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Washington</li>
<li>Université du Manitoba</li>
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<name sortKey="Frankel, M" sort="Frankel, M" uniqKey="Frankel M" first="M." last="Frankel">M. Frankel</name>
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<name sortKey="Sackeim, H A" sort="Sackeim, H A" uniqKey="Sackeim H" first="H. A." last="Sackeim">H. A. Sackeim</name>
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<name sortKey="Brown, S L" sort="Brown, S L" uniqKey="Brown S" first="S. L." last="Brown">S. L. Brown</name>
<name sortKey="Freeman, W J" sort="Freeman, W J" uniqKey="Freeman W" first="W. J." last="Freeman">W. J. Freeman</name>
<name sortKey="Friedrich, J" sort="Friedrich, J" uniqKey="Friedrich J" first="J." last="Friedrich">J. Friedrich</name>
<name sortKey="Gergen, K J" sort="Gergen, K J" uniqKey="Gergen K" first="K. J." last="Gergen">K. J. Gergen</name>
<name sortKey="Heilmann, M" sort="Heilmann, M" uniqKey="Heilmann M" first="M." last="Heilmann">M. Heilmann</name>
<name sortKey="Kenrick, D T" sort="Kenrick, D T" uniqKey="Kenrick D" first="D. T." last="Kenrick">D. T. Kenrick</name>
<name sortKey="Kirsch, I" sort="Kirsch, I" uniqKey="Kirsch I" first="I." last="Kirsch">I. Kirsch</name>
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<name sortKey="Leith, K P" sort="Leith, K P" uniqKey="Leith K" first="K. P." last="Leith">K. P. Leith</name>
<name sortKey="Lockard, J S" sort="Lockard, J S" uniqKey="Lockard J" first="J. S." last="Lockard">J. S. Lockard</name>
<name sortKey="Losonsky, M" sort="Losonsky, M" uniqKey="Losonsky M" first="M." last="Losonsky">M. Losonsky</name>
<name sortKey="Martin, M W" sort="Martin, M W" uniqKey="Martin M" first="M. W." last="Martin">M. W. Martin</name>
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<country name="France">
<region name="Île-de-France">
<name sortKey="Dupuy, J P" sort="Dupuy, J P" uniqKey="Dupuy J" first="J.-P." last="Dupuy">J.-P. Dupuy</name>
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<country name="Canada">
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<name sortKey="Krebs, D" sort="Krebs, D" uniqKey="Krebs D" first="D." last="Krebs">D. Krebs</name>
<name sortKey="Racine, T" sort="Racine, T" uniqKey="Racine T" first="T." last="Racine">T. Racine</name>
<name sortKey="Ward, J" sort="Ward, J" uniqKey="Ward J" first="J." last="Ward">J. Ward</name>
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<country name="Australie">
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   |texte=   Real self-deception. Commentary. Author's response
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